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Counting & ProbabilityChallengeRecursion, Catalan Numbers & Generating Functions

Recursion, Catalan Numbers & Generating Functions · Challenge problem

The Catalan numbers are C0=1C_0=1, C1=1C_1=1, C2=2C_2=2, C3=5C_3=5, C4=14,…C_4=14,\dots, with Cn=1n+1(2nn)C_n=\dfrac{1}{n+1}\dbinom{2n}{n}. Evaluate ∑n=0∞Cn(29)n\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n\left(\dfrac29\right)^{n}. Express your answer as a common fraction.