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Multivariable CalculusSuperchallengeThe Chain Rule & Implicit Differentiation

The Chain Rule & Implicit Differentiation · Superchallenge problem

In Kepler's equation E=M+12sin⁡EE = M + \tfrac12\sin E, the eccentric anomaly EE is a smooth function of the mean anomaly MM. Find d2EdM2\dfrac{d^2E}{dM^2} at the instant when E=π2E = \dfrac{\pi}{2}.