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Differential EquationsHardExistence, Uniqueness & Bifurcations

Existence, Uniqueness & Bifurcations · Hard problem

Two solutions of y′=tsin⁡y+cos⁡ty' = t\sin y + \cos t start at t=0t = 0 with values differing by 10−310^{-3}. Let L(t)L(t) be the smallest bound on ∣∂f∂y(t,y)∣\left|\dfrac{\partial f}{\partial y}(t, y)\right| over all yy, at each time t≥0t \ge 0. Gronwall's inequality gives ∣y1(t)−y2(t)∣≤∣y1(0)−y2(0)∣exp⁡ ⁣(∫0tL(s) ds)|y_1(t) - y_2(t)| \le |y_1(0) - y_2(0)|\exp\!\left(\displaystyle\int_0^t L(s)\,ds\right). What upper bound does this give for ∣y1(t)−y2(t)∣|y_1(t) - y_2(t)| at t=2ln⁡10t = 2\sqrt{\ln 10}? Express your answer as a common fraction.