TrigonometrySuperchallenge
Trigonometry · Superchallenge problem
Two cities both lie at latitude N, on opposite sides of the Earth (their longitudes differ by ). Treat the Earth as a sphere of radius miles. A plane can fly from one city to the other due east along the N parallel, or along the meridians straight over the North Pole. How many miles shorter is the route over the pole? Give the exact value.