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Number Theory

Discrete and Data

The integers from the ground up: divisibility, primes, gcd and the Euclidean algorithm, modular arithmetic, bases, Diophantine equations, Fermat and Euler, arithmetic functions, the Chinese remainder theorem, and orders.

11 topics · 45 lessons about 20 hoursBefore this: Pre-Algebra

What you'll be able to do

  • Prove divisibility facts from definitions
  • Compute with congruences, inverses and big powers
  • Solve linear and factorable Diophantine equations
  • Use Fermat, Euler, CRT and orders on contest problems

Start the course

Go through each topic step by step — prose, worked examples, quick checks, and a timed practice round after every section.

Start

Every test ends with a score by topic and a list of what to revisit. Test out of a topic with 80% or better to mark it mastered.

Topics

1.

Divisibility

4 lessons

What it means for one integer to divide another

2.

Primes and Factorization

4 lessons

The atoms of arithmetic and the unique way numbers split into them

3.

GCD, LCM and the Euclidean Algorithm

5 lessons

Greatest common divisors, Bézout, and fast computation

4.

Modular Arithmetic

4 lessons

Congruences, inverses and linear congruences

5.

Digits and Bases

4 lessons

Place value in any base and the tricks it enables

6.

Diophantine Equations

4 lessons

Integer solutions: linear equations, factoring tricks and bounding

7.

Fermat, Euler and Wilson

4 lessons

The three theorems behind every big power

8.

Arithmetic Functions

4 lessons

Counting and summing divisors, and multiplicativity

9.

The Chinese Remainder Theorem

4 lessons

Solving systems of congruences

10.

Orders and Primitive Roots

4 lessons

How powers cycle, and quadratic residues

11.

Hard Number Theory

4 lessons

Contest-level problems that combine everything